February 7, 2022
- Workhouses created to compel indigents to either perform mindless, arduous, repetitive tasks if the would not submit to working in factories
- Child labor
- Taken on as unpaid apprentices, then paid much less than adults
- Small stature – performed dangerous tasks in and under machinery
- Harsh discipline and long hours
- Parents rarely objected – needed extra money
- Empire of Cotton depended upon large-scale use of child labor
- Low pay and low resistance to harsh work environment
- Case of Ellen Hooten
- Early attempts in Britain to pass cosmetic restrictions on child labor
- Lewis Hine, American sociologist and photographer
- Failure of Keating-Owens Child Labor Act of 1916
- Long road in United States to limiting exploitation of child labor and a minimum wage
